class HttpError extends Error {
  constructor(message: string, public status: number, public statusText: string, public data?: any) {
    super(message);
    this.name = 'HttpError';
  }
}

async function safeFetch<T>(url: string, options?: RequestInit): Promise<T> {
  try {
    const response = await fetch(url, options);

    if (!response.ok) {
      let errorData: any;
      try {
        errorData = await response.json(); // Attempt to parse JSON error details
      } catch (jsonError) {
        // If JSON parsing fails, use raw text or no data
        errorData = await response.text().catch(() => null);
      }
      throw new HttpError(
        `HTTP error! Status: ${response.status}`,
        response.status,
        response.statusText,
        errorData
      );
    }

    // Handle cases where response might be empty (e.g., 204 No Content)
    const contentType = response.headers.get('content-type');
    if (contentType && contentType.includes('application/json')) {
      return await response.json();
    } else {
      // If not JSON, return as text or null
      return await response.text() as T; // Or handle other content types specifically
    }
  } catch (error) {
    if (error instanceof TypeError && error.message === 'Failed to fetch') {
      // Network error (e.g., no internet, CORS issues, server down)
      throw new Error('Network error or server unreachable.');
    }
    // Re-throw known HttpError or other unexpected errors
    throw error;
  }
}

// Usage example:
async function fetchData() {
  try {
    const data = await safeFetch<{ message: string }>('https://api.example.com/data');
    console.log('Success:', data.message);
  } catch (error) {
    if (error instanceof HttpError) {
      console.error(`API Error: ${error.message} (Status: ${error.status})`);
      console.error('Error details:', error.data);
    } else if (error instanceof Error) {
      console.error('General Error:', error.message);
    } else {
      console.error('An unknown error occurred.');
    }
  }
}

fetchData();