function array_remove_keys(array $array, array $keysToRemove): array
{
    // Use array_diff_key to remove elements from $array whose keys
    // are present in the array created by flipping $keysToRemove.
    return array_diff_key($array, array_flip($keysToRemove));
}

$data = [
    'id' => 123,
    'name' => 'John Doe',
    'email' => 'john@example.com',
    'password' => 'hashed_password',
    'created_at' => '2023-01-01'
];

$sensitiveKeys = ['password', 'created_at'];

// Example usage:
// $filteredData = array_remove_keys($data, $sensitiveKeys);
/*
Expected result:
[
    'id' => 123,
    'name' => 'John Doe',
    'email' => 'john@example.com'
]
*/