// app/Models/Post.php
class Post extends Model
{
    /**
     * Scope a query to only include published posts.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder  $query
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder
     */
    public function scopePublished($query)
    {
        return $query->where('published', true);
    }

    /**
     * Scope a query to only include posts by a given user.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder  $query
     * @param  int  $userId
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder
     */
    public function scopeByUser($query, $userId)
    {
        return $query->where('user_id', $userId);
    }

    /**
     * Scope a query to include posts created in the last N days.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder  $query
     * @param  int  $days
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder
     */
    public function scopeRecent($query, $days = 7)
    {
        return $query->where('created_at', '>=', now()->subDays($days));
    }
}

// Usage:
// Get all published posts
$publishedPosts = Post::published()->get();

// Get published posts by a specific user
$userPosts = Post::published()->byUser(123)->get();

// Get recent published posts from the last 30 days
$recentPublishedPosts = Post::published()->recent(30)->get();

// Chaining multiple scopes and other query methods
$trendingPosts = Post::published()
                      ->recent()
                      ->orderBy('views', 'desc')
                      ->take(10)
                      ->get();