const MAX_RETRIES = 5; // Maximum number of retries
const BASE_DELAY_MS = 1000; // 1 second base delay

async function fetchWithRetry<T>( 
  url: string,
  options?: RequestInit,
  retries: number = 0
): Promise<T> {
  try {
    const response = await fetch(url, options);

    if (response.status === 429) { // Too Many Requests
      if (retries < MAX_RETRIES) {
        const retryAfter = response.headers.get('Retry-After');
        let delay = BASE_DELAY_MS * Math.pow(2, retries); // Exponential backoff

        if (retryAfter) {
          const retryAfterSeconds = parseInt(retryAfter, 10);
          if (!isNaN(retryAfterSeconds)) {
            delay = Math.max(delay, retryAfterSeconds * 1000); // Respect server's suggestion
          }
        }

        console.warn(`Rate limit hit. Retrying in ${delay / 1000} seconds... (Attempt ${retries + 1}/${MAX_RETRIES})`);
        await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delay));
        return fetchWithRetry(url, options, retries + 1); // Recursive retry
      } else {
        throw new Error('Maximum retry attempts exceeded for rate limiting.');
      }
    }

    if (!response.ok) {
      throw new Error(`HTTP error! Status: ${response.status} - ${response.statusText}`);
    }

    const contentType = response.headers.get('content-type');
    if (contentType && contentType.includes('application/json')) {
      return await response.json();
    }
    return await response.text() as T;
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Fetch operation failed:', error);
    throw error;
  }
}

// Usage example:
async function loadData() {
  try {
    const data = await fetchWithRetry<{ message: string }>('https://api.example.com/sensitive-endpoint');
    console.log('Data fetched successfully:', data);
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Failed to load data after retries:', error);
  }
}

loadData();