async function callApiWithRetry(url, options, maxRetries = 5) {
  let retries = 0;
  while (retries < maxRetries) {
    try {
      const response = await fetch(url, options);
      if (response.status === 429) { // Too Many Requests
        const retryAfter = response.headers.get('Retry-After');
        const delay = retryAfter ? parseInt(retryAfter, 10) * 1000 : Math.pow(2, retries) * 1000; // Exponential backoff
        console.warn(`Rate limit hit. Retrying in ${delay / 1000} seconds...`);
        await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delay));
        retries++;
        continue;
      } else if (!response.ok) {
        throw new Error(`API error: ${response.status} ${response.statusText}`);
      }
      return await response.json();
    } catch (error) {
      console.error(`Attempt ${retries + 1} failed:`, error.message);
      retries++;
      if (retries === maxRetries) {
        throw error;
      }
      await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, Math.pow(2, retries) * 1000)); // Exponential backoff for other errors
    }
  }
  throw new Error('Maximum retries exceeded.');
}

// Usage example:
// callApiWithRetry('https://api.example.com/data', { method: 'GET' })
//   .then(data => console.log('Fetched data:', data))
//   .catch(error => console.error('Failed to fetch after retries:', error));